CircularsNews
August 2015

Denizde Can Kurtarma / The Rescue of Refugees at Sea

The European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) was extended to cover emissions from shipping as of 1st January 2024.

The EU ETS is limited by a 'cap' on the number of emission allowances. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances, which they can trade as needed. The cap decreases every year, ensuring that total emissions fall.

Each allowance gives the holder the right to emit:

  • One tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2), or;
  • The equivalent amount of other powerful greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide (N2O) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
  • The price of one ton of CO2 allowance under the EU ETS has fluctuated between EUR 60 and almost EUR 100 in the past two years. The total cost of emissions will vary based on the cost of the allowance at the time of purchase, the vessel’s emissions profile and the total volume of voyages performed within the EU ETS area. The below is for illustration purposes:
  • ~A 30.000 GT passenger ship has total emissions of 20.000 tonnes in a reporting year, of which 9.000 are within the EU, 7.000 at berth within the EU and 4.000 are between the EU and an outside port. The average price of the allowance is EUR 75 per tonne. The total cost would be as follows:
  • ~~9.000 * EUR 75 = EUR 675.000
  • ~~7.000 * EUR 75 = EUR 525.000
  • ~~4.000 * EUR 75 * 50% = EUR 150.000
  • ~~Total = EUR 1.350.000 (of which 40% is payable in 2024)
  • For 2024, a 60% rebate is admitted to the vessels involved. However, this is reduced to 30% in 2025, before payment is due for 100% with effect from 2026.
  • Emissions reporting is done for each individual ship, where the ship submits their data to a verifier (such as a class society) which in turns allows the shipowner to issue a verified company emissions report. This report is then submitted to the administering authority, and it is this data that informs what emission allowances need to be surrendered to the authority.
  • The sanctions for non- compliance are severe, and in the case of a ship that has failed to comply with the monitoring and reporting obligations for two or more consecutive reporting periods, and where other enforcement measures have failed to ensure compliance, the competent authority of an EEA port of entry may issue an expulsion order. Where such a ship flies the flag of an EEA country and enters or is found in one of its ports, the country concerned will, after giving the opportunity to the company concerned to submit its observations, detain the ship until the company fulfils its monitoring and reporting obligations.
  • Per the EU’s Implementing Regulation, it is the Shipowner who remains ultimately responsible for complying with the EU ETS system.

There are a number of great resources on the regulatory and practical aspects of the system – none better than the EU’s own:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0087-20230605

https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/transport/reducing-emissions-shipping-sector_en

https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/what-eu-ets_en

Değerli İlgili;

Sizlerin de bildiğiniz üzere özellikle son yıllarda Orta Doğu’dan, Afrika’dan ve Asya’dan Avrupa ülkelerine deniz yoluyla göç oldukça arttı. Avrupa Sınır Kurumu’nun açıklamalarına göre sadece 2013 yılında 40000 kişinin deniz yoluyla göç ettiği belirtilmiştir.

En çok kullanıldıkları hat Kuzey Afrika ülkelerinden Italya ve Malta bölgelerinedir. Bir diğer hat ise genellikle Türkiye’den Yunanistan’a, Bulgaristan’a ve Kıbrıs’a girişler olup bu hatta çok daha az hadise yaşanmaktadır.

Maalesef göçmenlerin taşındığı gemiler/botlar bazen fazla ağırlık yüzünden batmakta, bazen de Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri kıyı emniyetleri tarafından kurtarılmak için göçmenler tarafından kasıtlı olarak batırılmaktadır. Bu olaylarda birçok göçmen hayatını kaybetmiş olup, daha fazla can kaybını önlemek adına Avrupa Birliği kurtarma operasyonlarına titizlik göstermektedir.

Kulupler de Italya Kıyı Emniyeti’nin Akdeniz’de seyir yapan ticari gemilerle kontağa geçerek kurtarma operasyonuna dahil olmasının istendiği birçok olayla karşılaştılar. Ticari gemilerin, kurtarılan göçmenlerin tahliyesi için genellikle Sicilya’ya yanaşmaları isteniyor. Şu ana kadarki olaylarda gemiler için ciddi bir gecikme veya otoritelerle sıkıntı yaşanması soz konusu olmamıştır.

Gemiler, SOLAS 1974 ‘e (Chapter V, reg 33) göre tehlike altındaki bir diğer gemiye/zor durumda kurtarılmayı bekleyen insanlara mümkün olduğu sürece hiçbir şart gözetmeksizin yardım etmekle yükümlüdür. Bu nedenle sizlerden böyle bir operasyona dahil olmanız istendiğinde bizler aracılığı ile kuluplerinizi biran önce bilgilendirerek desteklerini almanız önemle tavsiye olunmaktadır. Ayrıca kiracınızı da bilgilendirmeniz özellikle tavsiye edilmektedir.

Kulupler kurtarma operasyonu için yapılan sapma boyunca harcanan yağ, yakıt, liman, acenta masrafları karşılamakta olup ticari kayıpları karşılamamaktadır. Bunların dışındaki masraflar için her kulubün kendi kurallarına bakmak gerekecektir.  

Dear Sir/Madam;

As you know, there has been a significant increase in immigration to Europe from Middle East, Africa and Asia especially for the last few years. As per the information received from EU’s border agency, only in 2013, 40000 refugees immigrated by crossing the sea.

The most common route used is the route from North African Countries to Italy and Malta. The second common route used by the refugees is generally from Turkey to Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus but there are less incidents happened on this route.

Unfortunately , the vessels/boats used by refugees are sinking due to overweight or they are purposely sunk by refugees to be rescued by EU Coast Guard. Of course, this has tragic results in loosing lives of large number of refugees and therefore European countries are taking rescue operations very seriously.

Clubs faced with several incidents that the Italian Coast Guard had contacted the vessels , who were sailing in Mediteranian waters, to ask them for joining rescue operation. These vessels are generally being asked to call Sicily to disembark the refugees. There has been no significant delay for the vessels who helped rescue operations so far and they have also not faced with any trouble with the authorities.

Vessels have a duty under SOLAS 1974 (Chapter V, Reg. 33) to assist the another vessel/persons are in distress at sea regardless of any conditions. Therefore, we strongly recommend you to contact with us/your club to ask for assistance/suggestions whenever you are asked for joining in such a kind of rescue operation. In addition to that the clubs are highly suggesting to alert the charterers in that respect.

Clubs cover deviation expenses i.e used oil/bunker, agency and port charges but not covering any commercial losses. For other expenses, we should look at the rules of the clubs which differs  slightly from one another.

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