CircularsNews
July 2014

European Union Sanctions in respect of Crimea and Sevastopol Council Regulation

The European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) was extended to cover emissions from shipping as of 1st January 2024.

The EU ETS is limited by a 'cap' on the number of emission allowances. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances, which they can trade as needed. The cap decreases every year, ensuring that total emissions fall.

Each allowance gives the holder the right to emit:

  • One tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2), or;
  • The equivalent amount of other powerful greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide (N2O) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
  • The price of one ton of CO2 allowance under the EU ETS has fluctuated between EUR 60 and almost EUR 100 in the past two years. The total cost of emissions will vary based on the cost of the allowance at the time of purchase, the vessel’s emissions profile and the total volume of voyages performed within the EU ETS area. The below is for illustration purposes:
  • ~A 30.000 GT passenger ship has total emissions of 20.000 tonnes in a reporting year, of which 9.000 are within the EU, 7.000 at berth within the EU and 4.000 are between the EU and an outside port. The average price of the allowance is EUR 75 per tonne. The total cost would be as follows:
  • ~~9.000 * EUR 75 = EUR 675.000
  • ~~7.000 * EUR 75 = EUR 525.000
  • ~~4.000 * EUR 75 * 50% = EUR 150.000
  • ~~Total = EUR 1.350.000 (of which 40% is payable in 2024)
  • For 2024, a 60% rebate is admitted to the vessels involved. However, this is reduced to 30% in 2025, before payment is due for 100% with effect from 2026.
  • Emissions reporting is done for each individual ship, where the ship submits their data to a verifier (such as a class society) which in turns allows the shipowner to issue a verified company emissions report. This report is then submitted to the administering authority, and it is this data that informs what emission allowances need to be surrendered to the authority.
  • The sanctions for non- compliance are severe, and in the case of a ship that has failed to comply with the monitoring and reporting obligations for two or more consecutive reporting periods, and where other enforcement measures have failed to ensure compliance, the competent authority of an EEA port of entry may issue an expulsion order. Where such a ship flies the flag of an EEA country and enters or is found in one of its ports, the country concerned will, after giving the opportunity to the company concerned to submit its observations, detain the ship until the company fulfils its monitoring and reporting obligations.
  • Per the EU’s Implementing Regulation, it is the Shipowner who remains ultimately responsible for complying with the EU ETS system.

There are a number of great resources on the regulatory and practical aspects of the system – none better than the EU’s own:

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0087-20230605

https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/transport/reducing-emissions-shipping-sector_en

https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/what-eu-ets_en

Sayin Ilgili,

Uluslararasi Grup klupleri, Avrupa Birliginin Kirim ve Sivastopol için genisletmis oldugu ambargolarla ilgili asagidaki sirküleri yayinlamis olup asagida örnek olarak Gard Klubüne ait olan sunulmustur.

Member Circular No. 06/2014 August 2014

European Union Sanctions in respect of Crimea and Sevastopol COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) No 825/2014 of 30 July 2014

concerning restrictions on the import into the Union of goods

originating in Crimea or Sevastopol, in response to the illegal

annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol (“the Regulation”)

Dear Sirs,

In response to the annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol by Russia, the European Union

published Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014, introducing trade sanctions in respect of

goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol and on the provision, directly or indirectly, of

financing or financial assistance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, related to the import

of such goods.

On 30 July 2014 the European Union published Regulation 825/2014 amending Regulation

692/2014. This circular therefore supplements circular no. 04/2014. The most notable

amendments add further to the prohibitions in Article 2, which we have noted below.

Prohibitions

1) Article 2 of the Regulation provides that it is prohibited:

• To import into the European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol.

• To provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance as well as

insurance and reinsurance related to the import of goods originating in Crimea or

Sevastopol.

• To sell, supply or transfer designated key equipment and technology1 for

infrastructure projects in the transport, telecommunications and energy sectors

• To sell, supply or transfer key equipment and technology for the exploitation2 of oil,

gas and mineral resources3

.

• To provide technical and financial assistance related to the above activities.

• To sell, supply, transfer, export, directly or indirectly, key equipment and technology

listed in Annex III to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or

Sevastopol or for use in Crimea or Sevastopol

1 The EU’s list of designated goods can be found in Annex III of the Regulation. 2 “exploitation” means exploration, prospection, extraction, refining and management of oil, gas, and mineral resources and provision of

related geological services but does not include maintenance to ensure safety of existing infrastructure 3 The list of designated mineral can be found in Annex II of the Regulation.

2) Contracts entered into before 30 July 2014 (including ancillary contracts) must be

executed by 28 October 2014.

3) “Goods” are defined as originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which are wholly

obtained in Crimea or in Sevastopol or which have undergone their last substantial

transformation there.

Exemptions

4) Article 3 of Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014 provides for the execution of trade

contracts until 26 September 2014 in respect of such contracts concluded before 25

June 2014 or of ancillary contracts necessary for their execution. Article 3 also

requires persons, entities or bodies seeking to perform the contract to provide a

minimum of 10 days advance notice to their EU Member State Competent Authority.

Furthermore goods made available to the Ukrainian authorities and entitled to

“preferential origin” status in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 978/2012 and

Regulation (EU) No 374/2014 or the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement may also be

exempted.

5) Article 6 of Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014, as amended prohibits the payment

of claims in respect of contracts or transactions which are prohibited by the

Regulation if they are made by designated persons, entities or bodies listed in

Council Regulation 269/2014; persons, entities or bodies acting on behalf of

designated entities; persons, entities or bodies who have been found by a

competent authority to have infringed the prohibitions in Regulation 692/2014; or if

claims relate to the import of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Scope of Application

6) Article 10 of Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014, as amended provides that it shall

apply:

• Within the territory of the European Union.

• On board any vessel under the jurisdiction of a Member State.

• To all nationals of any Member State wherever located.

• To any business inside or outside the territory of the Union, which is incorporated or

constituted under the law of a Member State.

• To any business or person doing business in the European Union.

7) It is now unlawful for European flagged or managed vessels to perform such trade.

Furthermore the prohibitions will prevent P&I clubs domiciled in the European Union

from providing P&I insurance to any vessel of whatever nationality engaged in such

trade. The prohibitions will also apply to non EU domiciled Members and Clubs to the

extent that the prohibited activity and/or insurance provided constitutes business

done in whole or in part of the EU. All International Group Club rules contain

exclusions in relation to claims arising from trades for which it is unlawful to provide

insurance by reason of sanctions.

8) Regulation 825/2014 entered force on 31 July 2014.

All other clubs in the International Group have issued a similar notice.

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