The EU ETS is limited by a 'cap' on the number of emission allowances. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances, which they can trade as needed. The cap decreases every year, ensuring that total emissions fall.
Each allowance gives the holder the right to emit:
There are a number of great resources on the regulatory and practical aspects of the system – none better than the EU’s own:
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02003L0087-20230605
https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/transport/reducing-emissions-shipping-sector_en
https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/what-eu-ets_en
Sayin Ilgili,
Uluslararasi Grup klupleri, Avrupa Birliginin Kirim ve Sivastopol için genisletmis oldugu ambargolarla ilgili asagidaki sirküleri yayinlamis olup asagida örnek olarak Gard Klubüne ait olan sunulmustur.
Member Circular No. 06/2014 August 2014
European Union Sanctions in respect of Crimea and Sevastopol COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) No 825/2014 of 30 July 2014
concerning restrictions on the import into the Union of goods
originating in Crimea or Sevastopol, in response to the illegal
annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol (“the Regulation”)
Dear Sirs,
In response to the annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol by Russia, the European Union
published Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014, introducing trade sanctions in respect of
goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol and on the provision, directly or indirectly, of
financing or financial assistance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, related to the import
of such goods.
On 30 July 2014 the European Union published Regulation 825/2014 amending Regulation
692/2014. This circular therefore supplements circular no. 04/2014. The most notable
amendments add further to the prohibitions in Article 2, which we have noted below.
Prohibitions
1) Article 2 of the Regulation provides that it is prohibited:
• To import into the European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol.
• To provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance as well as
insurance and reinsurance related to the import of goods originating in Crimea or
Sevastopol.
• To sell, supply or transfer designated key equipment and technology1 for
infrastructure projects in the transport, telecommunications and energy sectors
• To sell, supply or transfer key equipment and technology for the exploitation2 of oil,
gas and mineral resources3
.
• To provide technical and financial assistance related to the above activities.
• To sell, supply, transfer, export, directly or indirectly, key equipment and technology
listed in Annex III to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or
Sevastopol or for use in Crimea or Sevastopol
1 The EU’s list of designated goods can be found in Annex III of the Regulation. 2 “exploitation” means exploration, prospection, extraction, refining and management of oil, gas, and mineral resources and provision of
related geological services but does not include maintenance to ensure safety of existing infrastructure 3 The list of designated mineral can be found in Annex II of the Regulation.
2) Contracts entered into before 30 July 2014 (including ancillary contracts) must be
executed by 28 October 2014.
3) “Goods” are defined as originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which are wholly
obtained in Crimea or in Sevastopol or which have undergone their last substantial
transformation there.
Exemptions
4) Article 3 of Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014 provides for the execution of trade
contracts until 26 September 2014 in respect of such contracts concluded before 25
June 2014 or of ancillary contracts necessary for their execution. Article 3 also
requires persons, entities or bodies seeking to perform the contract to provide a
minimum of 10 days advance notice to their EU Member State Competent Authority.
Furthermore goods made available to the Ukrainian authorities and entitled to
“preferential origin” status in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 978/2012 and
Regulation (EU) No 374/2014 or the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement may also be
exempted.
5) Article 6 of Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014, as amended prohibits the payment
of claims in respect of contracts or transactions which are prohibited by the
Regulation if they are made by designated persons, entities or bodies listed in
Council Regulation 269/2014; persons, entities or bodies acting on behalf of
designated entities; persons, entities or bodies who have been found by a
competent authority to have infringed the prohibitions in Regulation 692/2014; or if
claims relate to the import of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol.
Scope of Application
6) Article 10 of Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014, as amended provides that it shall
apply:
• Within the territory of the European Union.
• On board any vessel under the jurisdiction of a Member State.
• To all nationals of any Member State wherever located.
• To any business inside or outside the territory of the Union, which is incorporated or
constituted under the law of a Member State.
• To any business or person doing business in the European Union.
7) It is now unlawful for European flagged or managed vessels to perform such trade.
Furthermore the prohibitions will prevent P&I clubs domiciled in the European Union
from providing P&I insurance to any vessel of whatever nationality engaged in such
trade. The prohibitions will also apply to non EU domiciled Members and Clubs to the
extent that the prohibited activity and/or insurance provided constitutes business
done in whole or in part of the EU. All International Group Club rules contain
exclusions in relation to claims arising from trades for which it is unlawful to provide
insurance by reason of sanctions.
8) Regulation 825/2014 entered force on 31 July 2014.
All other clubs in the International Group have issued a similar notice.